Bee Variety Range
Out-of 2009 to help you 2018, 192 bee varieties (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) had been stuck for the Calanques National Park thru each other net and you will dish trap collections. It belonged in order to half dozen families and 38 genera. Megachilidae is actually the essential varieties-steeped relatives, followed closely by Apidae and you will Halictidae, which have 53, forty two, and you will 43 kinds, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 are the latest wealthiest genus, which have 33 varieties, while eight genera had been represented by one kinds (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Desk step one [on line merely] ). Utilising the jackknife 1 and you will 2 indexes, the full bee varieties richness is projected is between ± 9.89 and you may ± . The brand new seen fullness therefore illustrated 71.3 to 79.6% of your own estimated bee richness ( Table dos). The new Chao1 strategy projected this new observed richness to be 76.8% of possible limit fullness ( Table 2). Many abundant types is Apis mellifera L. (276 somebody), followed closely by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you will 168 some one, respectively), and you can Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 individuals). In the end, 50 species (26%) was basically illustrated by the only one personal (singletons).
Environmental Qualities off Bees
About your ecological attributes of nesting choices, we recognized 59 unmarried bee varieties nesting significantly more than surface, 92 single bee varieties nesting below ground and you may 23 cleptoparasitic kinds, comparable to 30.eight, 47.nine, and several.0% of full bee kinds richness, respectively. We sensed five personal types (bumble bees and you will honey bees-dos.1%). Eventually, the nesting choice out-of 14 species remain not familiar (eight.3%- Supp Table step one [on line merely] ). Regarding the floral diet plan of bee variety, we unearthed that 105 species (54.7%) foraged towards the numerous plant kinds (i.e., generalist kinds, polylectic) and you can 51 variety (twenty-six.5%) foraged using best iphone hookup apps one plant household members or that/couples plant species (we.elizabeth., specialist species, oligolectic). Toward left 36 bee species (18.8%), new floral diet plan was not understood (age.g., for cleptoparasitic types). not, most generalist varieties displayed a desires for starters otherwise a few bush family members ( Supp Table step one [online simply] ). With the forty-two singletons, fourteen bee kinds (28%) was basically specialists, and you may 9 bee kinds (18%) was indeed cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table step one [on the internet merely] ).
A keen IUCN updates is readily available for 178 types (leaving out brand new varieties complexes and unknown kinds). One of those, 47 varieties was basically categorized as study lacking (DD-twenty-six.4%), 124 species was indeed least concerned (LC-69.6%), half dozen species was in fact near threatened (NT-step 3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and something species is actually believed threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Desk step one [online merely] ). Around three oligolectic varieties was among eight endangered bee species. An excellent. ovatula and you will C. albomaculatus was specialists toward Fabaceae, D. argentata are a specialist into the Caprifoliaceae.
Away from 2009 so you’re able to 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was in fact caught from inside the Calanques Federal Park. It belonged so you can 24 genera ( Supp Dining table 2 [on the internet merely] ). More abundant genera were Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 somebody), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 individuals), and you may Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de- Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville for the Latreille, 1828 (thirteen someone), whereas 20 varieties (53%) were illustrated by the only 1 personal ( Supp Dining table dos [on the web simply] ). New bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was in fact represented from the 20 varieties, and four singletons (25%) ( Supp Table step 3 [on the web simply] ). The brand new estimation from full types fullness regarding hover flies and you may bee flies are anywhere between 83 and 97 varieties by using the jackknife 1 and dos spiders, correspondingly. Thus, the seen fullness represented 59.8–69.9% of one’s projected hover travel and you may bee fly richness ( Table dos).